os module

import os

def folder_contains_string(parent_folder, substring):
    for folder_name in os.listdir(parent_folder):
        if substring in folder_name:
            return True
    return False

# Test
parent_folder = "/path/to/parent/folder"
substring = "example"
print(folder_contains_string(parent_folder, substring))  # True or False

pathlib module

from pathlib import Path

def folder_contains_string(parent_folder, substring):
    parent_path = Path(parent_folder)
    for folder in parent_path.iterdir():
        if substring in folder.name:
            return True
    return False

# Test
parent_folder = "/path/to/parent/folder"
substring = "example"
print(folder_contains_string(parent_folder, substring))  # True or False